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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, studies have shown that this disease has affected the male population on a significant scale in various parts of the world, making men one of the main risk groups. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and experiences of illness in men with COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: A mixed sequential-explanatory study with cross-sectional and exploratory-descriptive approaches. METHOD: Data was collected from a small municipality located in the central-north region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Primary quantitative data was extracted from compulsory notification forms from 598 men. Qualitative data from individual interviews of 30 men was analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject method. RESULTS: The findings identified the characterization of reports of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in men, the organization of the healthcare system, and strategies for the control and combat of COVID-19 directed towards the men of the investigated municipality. They revealed the clinical characteristics based on the collective discourse of men with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: In men, the individual experience of disease explicitly explains the clinical markers of COVID-19 expressed by the self-reported syndromic approach. Additionally, this understanding also explains the behaviors observed in their search for health care, as well as the adoption of prevention and control measures and therapies recommended by health professionals.
RESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar as demandas de atendimento à saúde de homens na Atenção Primária. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo com base nos dados secundário provenientes do E-SUS SISAB. Analisou-se os atendimentos dos homens na faixa etária entre 20 a 59 anos, residentes em um município do estado da Bahia, Brasil, realizados entre 2015 e 2019. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas utilizando o Stata. Resultados: Entre 2015 e 2019, foram realizados 4.630 atendimentos, sendo 79,9% realizados pela equipe mínima. A maior frequência de atendimentos ocorreu na faixa etária entre 50 e 54 anos. Houve maior frequência de atendimentos pela manhã na UBS e em consultas programadas. Estiveram em observação 92,5% e, dos atendimentos realizados pelo NASF, prevaleceu a prescrição terapêutica 45,2%. Dentre os problemas/condições avaliados, foram mais frequentes a hipertensão arterial, reabilitação e saúde mental. Os procedimentos mais realizados foram a aferição de pressão arterial e administração de medicamentos endovenosos. As condutas adotadas foram: o retorno para consulta agendada e retorno para cuidado programado. Realizaram atendimentos odontológicos programados sob o acesso de consultas programadas e com demandas relacionadas procedimentos dentários, dor de dente. Foram assistidos por visitas domiciliares, não sendo compartilhada entre profissionais. Conclusão: As demandas por cuidado à saúde apresentadas pelos homens na APS refletem a diversidade e complexidade que provem do cotidiano de trabalho a partir dos territórios e direcionam a reflexão acerca da maneira como os serviços estão orientados, a lógica das práticas de saúde e a própria compreensão dos profissionais e sujeitos no processo de cuidar.
Objective: to characterize the health care demands of men in Primary Care. Method: This is an epidemiological, descriptive study based on secondary data from the E-SUS SISAB. The attendance of men aged 20 to 59 years, living in a municipality in the state of Bahia, Brazil, between 2015 and 2019 was analyzed. The data were organized in tables using Stata. Results: Between 2015 and 2019, 4,630 calls were made, 79.9% of which were carried out by the minimum team. The highest frequency of visits occurred in the age group between 50 and 54 years. There was a higher frequency of consultations in the morning at the BHU and scheduled appointments. 92.5% were under observation and, of the visits made by the NASF, the therapeutic prescription prevailed 45.2%. Among the problems / conditions evaluated, arterial hypertension, rehabilitation and mental health were more frequent. The most performed procedures were the measurement of blood pressure and administration of intravenous drugs. The conducts adopted were: return for scheduled consultation and return for scheduled care. They performed scheduled dental appointments under the access of scheduled appointments and with demands related to dental procedures, toothache. They were assisted by home visits, not being shared among professionals. Conclusion: The demands for health care presented by men in PHC reflect the diversity and complexity that come from the daily work from the territories and direct reflection on the way services are oriented, the logic of health practices and the very understanding of professionals and subjects in the care process.
Objetivo: caracterizar las demandas asistenciales de los hombres en Atención Primaria. Método: Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo basado en datos secundarios del E-SUS SISAB. Se analizó la asistencia de hombres de 20 a 59 años, residentes en un municipio del estado de Bahía, Brasil, entre 2015 y 2019. Los datos se organizaron en tablas utilizando Stata. Resultados: Entre 2015 y 2019 se realizaron 4.630 convocatorias, 79,9% de las cuales fueron realizadas por el equipo mínimo. La mayor frecuencia de visitas se produjo en el grupo de edad entre 50 y 54 años. Hubo una mayor frecuencia de consultas por la mañana en la UBS y citas programadas. El 92,5% estaban en observación y, de las visitas realizadas por la NASF, la prescripción terapéutica predominó en el 45,2%. Entre los problemas / condiciones evaluados, fueron más frecuentes la hipertensión arterial, la rehabilitación y la salud mental. Los procedimientos más realizados fueron la medición de la presión arterial y la administración de fármacos intravenosos. Las conductas adoptadas fueron: regreso para consulta programada y regreso para atención programada. Realizan citas dentales programadas bajo el acceso de citas programadas y con demandas relacionadas con procedimientos dentales, dolor de muelas. Fueron asistidos por visitas domiciliarias, no siendo compartidos entre profesionales. Conclusión: Las demandas de atención a la salud que presentan los hombres en la APS reflejan la diversidad y complejidad que surgen del trabajo cotidiano desde los territorios y la reflexión directa sobre la orientación de los servicios, la lógica de las prácticas de salud y la propia comprensión de los profesionales y sujetos en el proceso asistencial